Mutable shared state is the root of all evil in concurrent systems. The history of concurrent computation is a basically the story of approaches to managing mutable shared state. The thread model, which has long held the dominant position, leads to intractable complexity [1]. The actor model captures state in the behavior of an actor. [...]
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actor asynchronous blocking channel composition concurrency consistency data-flow deadlock debugging distribution equation Erlang evaluation extensibility functional grammar Humus imperative iteration Kernel lambda-calculus language message-passing object-oriented pair pattern-matching patterns PEG primitive protocol queue recursion scalability Scheme sequence serializer starvation state-machine streams synchronization synchronous unification value vau-calculus